Method and arrangements to achieve a dynamic resource distribution policy in packet based communication networks

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and arrangements to achieve a dynamic and efficient resource distribution policy in packet based communication networks applying service differentiation and packet scheduling. The method initially allocates for each traffic class a certain share of the available resources, e.g. in terms of a share of the transmission bandwidth. The actual traffic shares for each of the traffic classes are monitored and compared to the assigned shares. If the monitored traffic shares does not correspond to the assigned shares a reconfiguration algorithm is started that equalizes resources according to the actual need. The new resource distribution policy is then distributed to the affected network nodes by means of a sequence of Load Control refresh packets where the shares of packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the resource shares that are assigned to these traffic classes in the new resource distribution policy.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and arrangements to achieve a dynamic resource distribution policy in packet based communication networks applying service differentiation and packet scheduling.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Communication networks that comply with the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) standard will introduce Internet Protocol (IP) technology in the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). IP has the advantage to be a simple communication protocol that fits various types of network environments; however, it does not have any functionality for network resource administration or gives any guarantees, e.g. with regard to delay or delivery of packets. Thus, in a UTRAN that bases on IP only, all data streams compete with each other and resources are distributed such that a data packet that comes first to a link will be served first, i.e. all packets are treated equally. However, as the UTRAN must support both network traffic with real-time and non-real-time characteristics it is desirable to be able to distribute network resources in such a way that the requirements for the various types of traffic are fulfilled while at the same time using the network resources as efficiently as possible. Therefore, in order to avoid situations with unpredictable delays and congestions as experienced in a stand-alone IP-network, the capacity of the network must have comparably large margins to the estimated maximum load. For real-time traffic in particular it is crucial that the network is always under control with respect to, e.g., delivery delays or resource usage.

There have been defined four types of traffic classes for the UTRAN environment: The traffic class “conversational” refers to bidirectional communication between two humans, i.e. speech. Another traffic class, “streaming”, refers to communication between a computer and a human, e.g. transmission of video data. A third traffic class “interactive” denotes traffic between two computers, e.g. Internet-related exchange of information. Finally, a fourth traffic class denotes “background, traffic that relates to, e.g., the transfer of shorter messages or various kinds of supervision messages. Each traffic class has specific requirements on throughput, delay, delay variations, bit error rates, packet loss etc. However, a stand-alone IP-network does not provide the ability to make any kind of service differentiation between the various traffic classes. Consequently, all traffic classes must be given a service matching the subset of traffic classes that have the highest requirements.

Apparently, it would be desirable to provide the ability to categorise IP-packets and to recognise the kind of service that should be given to the IP-packets at each node. This would imply that the nodes in UTRAN can differentiate the level of service that should be given to the traffic classes mentioned above. This is described in the document “An Architecture for Differentiated Services” (RFC 2475) by S. Blake et al. which has been proposed to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in December 1998.

Packet scheduling can be used to distribute the transmission link resources among a number of traffic classes. Desirable properties for packet scheduling algorithms are the ability to control the maximum amount of the link resources that a traffic class can use and the ability to give a guaranteed level of service. The configuration for how a packet scheduling algorithm should distribute the resources between said traffic classes is static but can be changed with appropriate network planning tools.

The present invention makes also use of Load Control technique which can be used for Unit Based Reservations (UBR). Basically, Load Control is a technique that provides a mechanism to give a simple load feedback upon access request. This has been described in a working document “Load Control of Real-Time Traffic” by L. Westberg et al. which has been proposed to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) on Apr. 19, 2000. UBR denotes a reservation of one network resource unit for one refresh period, which can be defined as any finite period in time. A reservation for one UBR-unit is established in one direction between two points in a network by sending a Load Control refresh packet from one end point towards the other end point. Each node that receives a refresh packet reserves one UBR-unit resource for the traffic stream to which the refresh packet belongs. Correspondingly, a reservation of two UBR-units for one refresh period is done by sending two refresh packets. A reservation can be extended for one refresh period by sending new refresh packets at the end of each refresh period. An IP-packet is recognised as a refresh packet by help of the status of two unused bits in the Type Of Service field of the IP-header. Therefore, any IP-packet towards the desired destination can be used as a refresh packet. It is thus one major advantage of the Unit Based Reservation (UBR) in Load Control that it does not add any overhead to the network traffic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention deals with the problem to achieve an efficient resource distribution in packet-based communication networks, e.g. an IP-based network. However, for this it is crucial to know for which kinds of traffic resources must be allocated. The user level traffic, e.g., in a UMTS-Radio Access Network is a traffic mix that can be divided into different traffic classes based on their service requirements. Network resources can then be distributed in such a way that all traffic can get their demands fulfilled. This implies some kind of a packet scheduling algorithm which is, however, more or less static while the scheduled traffic is dynamic and can vary over time and network part.

It is thus an object of the present invention to achieve a method for establishing an efficient and dynamic resource distribution policy for an IP-based communication network which is able to react quickly on the various resource needs of traffic classes on the one hand and, on the other hand, to adapt a long term resource distribution for said traffic classes that remains relatively stable.

This is advantageously solved by the teaching of claim 1.

It is another object of the present invention to achieve arrangements that are capable to perform the method according to the present invention.

This is advantageously solved by the teaching of claims 9 and 10.

Briefly, these and other objects of the present invention are accomplished by the arrangement and method according to the present invention comprising a dynamic resource distribution policy for the various transmission paths of a communication network. The method initially allocates for each traffic class and, if required, for the transmission paths a certain share of the available resources, e.g. in terms of a share of the transmission bandwidth. Then, an arrangement, which is located at the site of the Radio Network Controller, monitors the actual traffic shares for each of the traffic classes in comparison with these assigned shares. If the monitored traffic shares does not correspond to the assigned shares a reconfiguration algorithm is started that equalises resources according to the actual need. The new resource distribution policy is then distributed to the affected network nodes by means of a sequence of Load Control refresh packets where the shares of packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the resource shares that are assigned to these traffic classes in the new resource distribution policy.

It is a first advantage of the present invention that available network resources can be used more efficiently, i.e. with lesser margins.

It is another advantage of the present invention that temporary violations of an established resource distribution policy are avoided, i.e. there is no borrowing of resources that have been allocated to other traffic classes. Each traffic class has therefore a guaranteed access to its assigned resource share, which reduces the risk of cut-offs for certain calls.

It is still another advantage of the present invention that the network operator has an improved control of both the traffic shares and resource need for each traffic class and improved flexibility for updating the resource distribution policy. It is possible to distinguish traffic according to a variety of categories, e.g. traffic class and transmission path, and apply different resource distribution policies for these categories.

Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding, reference is made to the following drawings and preferred embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a part of an IP-based radio access network consisting of a plurality of transmission links that form transmission paths between a radio network controller and a plurality of radio base stations.

FIG. 2 illustrates an initial resource distribution policy for a transmission link that assigns certain resource shares α(i,p₂) to each traffic class.

FIGS. 3 shows an arrangement, which is either incorporated in or connected to the Radio Network Controller, comprising units for monitoring the IP-based traffic in the radio access network and for reconfiguring the resource distribution policy in said network.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in a network node that is responsible for implementing the new resource allocation policy in the network node.

FIGS. 5 a-5 d show the various method steps that are performed in the arrangement according to FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 a-6 b show the various method steps that are performed in the arrangement according to FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows a part of a communication network 10 within which the method according to the present invention can be performed. In this figure said network 10 consists of a UMTS terrestrial radio network (UTRAN) comprising a plurality of radio base stations 11 a-11 c that are connected to a common radio network controller 12 by means of transmission paths and communicate with each other by help of an IP-based communication protocol. However, it is notwithstanding possible to apply the inventive method on other kinds of packet-data networks. The radio base stations 11 a-11 c can be connected directly to said radio network controller 12, e.g. radio base station 11 c, or by partly using the same transmission paths, e.g. radio base stations 11 a, 11 b. The IP-based traffic between radio base stations 11 a-11 c and radio network controller 12 is controlled and forwarded via network units 13 a-13 e. A resource distribution policy for the entire or parts of such a network 10 is established and controlled by a resource control unit 14 which performs the method according to the present invention. Said unit 14 is preferably incorporated in the radio network controller 12 but could also be located at another location on the assumption that said unit 14 can from this location access those transmission paths that shall be controlled.

The resource distribution policy according to the present invention focuses primarily on an allocation of network resources to various classes of traffic as defined above. In general, network resources can be interpreted as the processing capacity of network facilities, e.g. transmission links or network nodes, that are reserved for and used by the various communication connections in the network. Examples of resources are, e.g., the available transmission bandwidth or the network node buffer space. In the following, resources will be illustrated as the available transmission rates for each of said traffic classes. Apart from their traffic class the IP-based traffic can be categorised by other parameters which is here indicated by means of a vector p: A first vector element p₁ denotes, e.g., the traffic class to which the IP-packet belongs. This information can be indicated, e.g., in the Type Of Service field of the IP-header. A second vector element p₂ can specify the entire or parts of the network, either a group of transmission paths, e.g. to Radio Base Stations 11 a, 11 b, or a single transmission path, e.g. to Radio Base Station 11 c, for which the resource distribution policy shall be valid. This information can be retrieved from the source and destination addresses, which are indicated in the IP-header. Still another conceivable criterion could be to distinguish whether an IP-packet is sent via the uplink or downlink of a transmission path. The distinguishing traffic categories are definable by the network operator, i.e. it is up to the network operator to determine which and how many categories should be considered.

FIG. 3 shows an arrangement 30 corresponding to the unit 14 in FIG. 1, which is incorporated in said resource control unit 14, for performing the method steps according to the present invention as described in FIGS. 5 a-5 d. Said arrangement 30 contains or can access a traffic monitoring unit 31 which monitors all IP-traffic that passes the Radio Network Controller on the downlink 35 and uplink 36. For this purpose the monitoring unit 31 keeps track on a set of counters for each of the various traffic categories, e.g. for each traffic class and transmission path. If the monitoring unit 31 detects a resource deficit for at least one of said categories, i.e. the counter for this category exceeds an allowed threshold value, it informs a reconfiguration unit 32 which is intended to calculate a new resource distribution policy on basis of the actually monitored traffic. This policy redefines the new resource shares for the various traffic classes, which can be further specified, e.g., for various transmission paths depending on the needs of the network operator. The reconfiguration unit 32 then initiates the start of a refresh period of a certain length that is known to all network nodes that can be affected by the reconfiguration of the resource policy and during which a certain number of specially marked IP-refresh packets is sent. The marking is achieved by sending the IP-packets during said refresh period through a marking unit 33 and thus make them Load Control refresh packets. The sequence of refresh packets is chosen in such a way that the shares of packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the resource share values for these classes in the new resource distribution policy. Supposing, e.g., a sequence of 10 IP-packets that are sent during a refresh period and marked as refresh packets by said marker unit 34 where each IP-packet contains a Differentiated Service Identifier in order to distinguish the various traffic classes. If said sequence contains 4 IP-packets that belong to one of the traffic classes this can be interpreted that 4/10=40% of the link resources should be allocated for this traffic class. The share values for the other traffic classes are determined correspondingly. This sequence of marked IP-packets is then transmitted via the downlink 35 to counter units 40 at the site of the network nodes that are affected by a change of the resource distribution policy.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement 40, which is incorporated in or connected to a network node and responsible for implementing the new resource distribution policy in said network node. Said arrangement 40 contains a monitoring and detection unit 41 that monitors all IP-packets that are received from the downlink and starts, if not already running, a timer 42 for the length of one refresh period if it has received a marked IP-packet that indicates the start of a refresh period. Marked IP-packets that are received during said refresh period are forwarded to a determination unit 43 which analyses the Type Of Service field of the IP-header in order to determine, e.g., the traffic class of the IP-packet and increments the counter that counts the number of packets of this traffic class during the refresh period. When the timer 42 that measures the refresh period has elapsed, a scheduler 44 in said arrangement 40 compares the number of counted refresh packets for each of the various types of traffic classes with the total number of sent refresh packets and calculates from the percentage of refresh packets that belong to the various traffic classes the new share values for these traffic classes.

FIGS. 5 a-5 d show flowcharts that describe the method according to the present invention for dynamically determining a resource distribution policy for an IP-based radio access network 10 as shown in FIG. 1. These method steps are performed in the traffic monitoring unit 31 and the reconfiguration unit 32 which are located in the resource control unit 14 at the site of the Radio Network Controller 12. FIG. 5 a shows an overview of said method steps while FIGS. 5 b-5 d explain the method steps in greater detail. FIGS. 4 a and 4 b show the necessary method steps that are performed in the nodes of said network in order to implement the new resource distribution policy.

Regarding FIG. 5 a, a resource distribution policy is initially established by means of assigning resource share values α(p) to each of the traffic categories that are distinguishable by help of the above defined parameter vector p, block 51, e.g. a parameter pi for the traffic class and a parameter p₂ that denotes a certain transmission path. These initial values denote the maximum share that is guaranteed to said sections. An example of an initial resource distribution policy is illustrated in FIG. 2: For a transmission link 20, which is characterised by a parameter p₂, of the network that is to be controlled, α(1,p₂)=30% of the resources are allocated to conversational traffic and α(2,p₂)=30% to streaming traffic; α(3,p₂)=20% are allocated to interactive traffic and another 20% (=α(4,p₂)) to background traffic. Optionally, it would also be possible to assign specific minimum share values to each category which denotes the share that is always guaranteed to a category; however, for a simplified approach it is sufficient to define the actual monitored share of a traffic class as the minimum share that must be guaranteed. The share values α(p) are selected with regard to, e.g., the characteristics of the various traffic classes. Each of said classes has various demands on bandwidth, delay sensitivity, or burstiness of the traffic which requires certain shares of resources. In addition to this, the network operator can include experiences regarding, inter alia, the amount and kind of traffic and their distribution in time. This can provide good average values of the distribution of resources for the whole or parts of the network. In a next step, block 52, the actual traffic is monitored and categorised with regard to the parameter vector p as specified above. This will be explained in greater detail in FIG. 5 b. The monitoring is proceeded as long as the monitored traffic for each of the traffic categories does not exceed the allocated shares, block 53 No. A resource deficit is detected if the traffic that belongs to one of said categories exceeds the allocated share of the maximum amount of resources, block 53 Yes. Instead of a temporary borrowing of momentary unused resources, e.g., from other traffic classes, the method according to the present invention will initiate a reconfiguration of the resource distribution policy for the traffic classes of those transmission paths that are affected by said deficits, block 54. Said reconfiguration is done by means of determining new share values for said traffic classes, block 55, and distributing the information of said share values to the affected network nodes, block 56. This will be explained in greater detail in FIGS. 5 c and 5 d. Then, the traffic is monitored again with respect to the new resource shares, block 52.

FIG. 5 b shows in greater detail the method steps that are performed in order to monitor the actual shares of the various traffic categories on the total traffic. Said monitoring is done by means of counting and analysing each IP-packet according to the above mentioned categories. For this purpose, the resource monitoring unit 31 provides a matrix of counters C(p) for each of the above mentioned categories. Initially, all values of said matrix C(p) are set to zero, block 521. Traffic measurements are performed within observation periods of an appropriate length τ_(max) where the elapsed time of an observation period is measured by a counter τ, which initially is also set to zero, block 521. Observation periods of a given length τ_(max) allow to calculate the actual bit rate during said period and compare it to the maximum transmission rate for the transmission path. The value for τ_(max) is selected depending on how frequent an update is desirable and, for practical reasons, to limit the range of the counter values to a reasonable size. If an IP-packet has been received by said monitoring unit, block 523 Yes, it is categorised according to the above mentioned parameters p₁. In this example, for the parameter p₁ a value p₁* is selected with regard to the traffic class of the IP-packet, block 524, and for p₂ a value p₂* is selected that denotes one or several transmission paths via which the IP-packet will be transmitted, block 525. The received IP-packet is thus categorised by help of a parameter vector p*=(p₁*,p₂*). Accordingly, the matrix element C(p*) is increased, block 527.

Turning back to FIG. 5 a, from the monitored traffic as represented by the counted values in said matrix C(p) it is easily possible to determine whether the monitored traffic for a traffic category causes a resource deficit or a resource excess in relation to the resources that have been assigned to said traffic category, block 53. This becomes apparent when comparing the monitored bit rate C(p)/τ_(max) during the observation period τ_(max) with the allocated resource share α(p)*B_(max) of the maximum bandwidth B_(max): A resource deficit is thus determined for C(p)>α(p)*B_(max)*τ_(max) while a resource excess implies C(p)<α(p)*B_(max)*τ_(max). As the values for B_(max) and τ_(max) normally does not change it is possible to define a threshold value that allows a simple connection between the counted number C(p) of IP-packets for each traffic category and the assigned shares α(p) of the total resources for said categories. If a resource deficit has been detected for at least one traffic category, a reconfiguration algorithm is started, block 54, in order to determine new resource shares in light of the measured resource need, which will be explained together with FIG. 5 c, and to transmit the new resource shares to the affected network nodes, which will be explained together with FIG. 5 d. These method steps are performed for each traffic category, i.e. the traffic classes and, if applied, the transmission paths.

FIG. 5 c shows the method steps that are necessary to determine a new resource distribution policy, block 55. In a first step, block 551, the actual amounts of resource excess and deficit are determined for the traffic categories: As a resource deficit for a traffic category implies that the number of IP-packets within an observation period that belong to said category exceed a defined threshold value, i.e. C(p)>α(p)*B_(max)*τ_(max), it is necessary to increase the share for this category at least to a new value α*(p)=C(p)/B_(max)*τ_(max) to achieve a sufficient share of the total available resources B_(max) with regard to the monitored resource need. For practical purposes it is recommendable to add a certain security margin in order to avoid a too frequent updating of the resource policy. A similar reasoning is applied for a resource excess, i.e. C(p)<α(p)*B_(max)*τ_(max). This means that a share α*(p)=C(p)/B_(max)*τ_(max) would already be sufficient to serve the momentarily monitored traffic for this traffic category. Also in this case it is recommendable to add a certain security margin. Then, block 552 and 553, it is the next step to achieve a resource equalisation between traffic classes having a resource excess and those having a resource deficit. However, one must always bear in mind that a resource equalisation in this context refers to a transfer of logically assigned resources, e.g. a bandwidth allocation to various traffic classes, but not a distribution between different physical locations in the network, e.g., various transmission paths. The following steps to perform a resource transfer between different traffic classes describe thus a resource transfer between various traffic classes that is valid only within a specified network part, e.g. the entire or parts of a network or even a single transmission path. There are several alternatives to determine from which traffic classes resources should be transferred in the first place and to which traffic classes such resources should preferably be transferred. It is one conceivable alternative to implement a deallocation priority list for the various traffic classes that defines an order in which resources shall be deallocated from the various traffic classes and a corresponding allocation priority list that defines to which traffic classes additional resources shall be allocated in the first place. Resource deallocation can be done either by means of deallocating all momentary unused resources of a traffic class or by means of deallocating resources up to a specified minimum share that should always be guaranteed to this traffic class. This can help to secure that certain traffic classes have their resource needs fulfilled as far as possible, e.g. due to a high priority for allocating resources and/or a low priority for deallocating resources. A resource equalisation is thus performed by means of deallocating resources according to said deallocation priority list, block 552, and allocating these resources according to the allocation priority list, block 553. Other alternatives for the resource equalisation can be implemented in accordance with the requirements of the network operator. The equalisation will result in the determination of new resource share values α*(p) that describe the new resource distribution policy, block 554.

FIG. 5 d shows the method steps to transmit the new resource distribution policy for the modified traffic categories as determined above to the nodes that are affected by this reconfiguration, block 56. This is done by means of initiating the start of a refresh period, block 561, which denominates a certain time interval T of an appropriate length that is known to all nodes and sending during said period specifically marked IP-packets, which are also used for Load Control purposes. These packets will be analysed by a counter unit in the affected nodes to which a new resource distribution policy must be reported. The principal idea is that the share of marked IP-packets that belong to a certain traffic class corresponds to the share of the total resources that should be assigned to this traffic class and is thus interpreted by a receiving node as the new share value for said traffic class. During the refresh period an appropriate number of IP-packets of each traffic class is submitted to the marker unit, block 562, and the sequence of marked IP-refresh packets that has been assembled by this means is sent to the affected nodes, block 563.

FIGS. 6 a and 6 b will now explain the method steps that are performed in each node that must be informed of a new resource distribution policy as described above. Each node that is a part of the controlled network is equipped with the arrangement 40 as shown in FIG. 4. When the monitoring and detection unit 41 in said arrangement 40 receives a marked IP-packet, block 61 Yes, a timer 42 is started for the length of one refresh period, block 63, if such a timer has not already been started, e.g., due to an earlier received marked IP-packet, block 62 Yes. During this time period the monitoring and detection unit 41 will receive a sequence of marked IP-packets, determining their traffic class, block 64, and increment a counter for the determined traffic class, block 65. When the timer 42 that measures the length of the refresh period has elapsed, block 66 Yes, the new resource distribution policy can be determined from the marked IP-packets that have been counted for each of the traffic classes, block 67. The new share values for each of the traffic classes can be calculated as the ratio of the counted number for a traffic class compared to the total number of received marked IP-packets. The sequences of marked IP-packets are sent several times, or even continuously, such that the receiving nodes need not to be synchronised with each other. 

1. Method in a centralised controller unit of a packet-based communication network including a plurality of network units connected to said controller unit by means of transmission paths providing resources in form of transmission capacity for transporting packet data, which can be categorised according to one/or more user-definable criterion, comprising the steps of: initially establishing a resource distribution policy that allocates resource shares to the defined traffic categories; monitoring and categorising data packets that are received during fixed observation periods; determining a new resource distribution policy if the resource need for at least one of the traffic categories exceeds the allocated; resource share; and informing the affected network nodes about the new resource distribution policy by means of sending during a refresh period a sequence of dedicated data packets, which are marked as Load Control packets, where the shares of marked data packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the resource share values of the new resource distribution policy.
 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the resource distribution policy allocates maximum resource share values for the traffic categories.
 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the resource distribution policy allocates minimum resource share values for the traffic categories.
 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein the packet data traffic is categorised according to its traffic class.
 5. Method according to claims 4, wherein the packet data is categorised according to transmission path and transmission direction.
 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein a resource deficit or excess for a traffic category is determined from the fact whether the counted number of data packets of this category during an observation period is lower or higher than a threshold value, which depends on the assigned resource share value for said category of the maximum number of packets that can be received during said observation period and wherein a new resource share value for said category is determined from the ratio of the counted number of data packets of this category during the observation period and the maximum number of packets that can be received during said observation period.
 7. Method according to claim 6, wherein a new resource distribution policy for a traffic category is established by means of deallocating resources in a first operator-definable order from traffic classes having a resource excess and allocating such resources in a second operator-definable order to traffic classes having a resource deficit.
 8. An arrangement in a centralised controller unit of a packet-based communication network including a plurality of network units connected to said controller unit by means of transmission paths providing resources in form of transmission capacity for transporting packet data, which can be categorised according to one or more user-definable criterion, comprising: a traffic monitoring unit that monitors and counts the data packets that pass said centralised controller unit; a reconfiguration unit that calculates a new resource distribution policy on basis of the monitored traffic if the actual resource distribution policy does not comply with the monitored resource need for the various traffic categories and starts a refresh period of an appropriate length; and a marking unit that marks the data packets to the affected nodes during said refresh period where the shares of marked data packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the share values of the new resource distribution policy.
 9. An arrangement in a unit of a packet-based communication network including a plurality of network units connected to said controller unit by means of transmission paths providing resources in form of transmission capacity for transporting packet data, which can be categorised according to one or more user-definable criterion, comprising: a detection unit that detects incoming data packets that have been marked as refresh packets; a timer that is activated to indicate the length of a refresh period if a marked data packet has been received; a determination unit for data packets that are received during the refresh period for analysing their traffic class and counting the number of data packets that have been received for each traffic class; and a scheduler that is activated after that the timer has elapsed to retrieve the share values of the new resource distribution policy from the ratios of the counted numbers of marked data packets for the various traffic classes and the total number of received marked data packets during the observation period.
 10. The centralized controller unit according to claim 8, wherein the resource distribution policy allocates maximum resource share values for the traffic categories.
 11. The centralized controller unit according to claim 8, wherein the resource distribution policy allocates minimum resource share values for the traffic categories.
 12. The centralized controller unit according to claim 8, wherein the data packets are categorised according to its traffic class.
 13. The centralized controller unit according to claim 12, wherein the data packets are categorised according to transmission path and transmission direction.
 14. The centralized controller unit according to claim 18, wherein said reconfiguration unit calculates the new distribution policy based on whether the counted number of data packets of this category during an observation period is lower or higher than a threshold value, which depends on an assigned resource share value for said category of the maximum number of packets that can be received during said observation period and wherein a new resource share value for said category is determined from the ratio of the counted number of data packets of this category during the observation period and the maximum number of packets that can be received during said observation period.
 15. The centralized controller unit of claim 14, wherein the new resource distribution policy for a traffic category is established by means of deallocating resources in a first operator-definable order from traffic classes having a resource excess and allocating such resources in a second operator-definable order to traffic classes having a resource deficit.
 16. A packet based communication network for allocating transmission resources for transporting different classes of packet data, comprising: a centralised controller unit, further comprising: a traffic monitoring unit that monitors and counts the data packets that pass said centralised controller unit; a reconfiguration unit that calculates a new resource distribution policy on basis of the monitored traffic if the actual resource distribution policy does not comply with the monitored resource need for the various traffic categories and starts a refresh period of an appropriate length; and a marking unit that marks the data packets to affected network units during said refresh period where the shares of marked data packets that belong to the various traffic classes correspond to the share values of the new resource distribution policy; and a plurality of network units connected to said controller unit by means of transmission paths providing resources in form of transmission capacity for transporting packet data, which can be categorised according to one or more user-definable criterion, each of said network units further comprising: a detection unit that detects incoming packet data; a timer that is activated to indicate the length of a refresh period if a marked data packet has been received; a determination unit for packet data that are received during said refresh period for analyzing their traffic class and counting the number of packet data that have been received for each traffic class; and a scheduler that is activated after that the timer has elapsed to retrieve the share values of the new resource distribution policy from the ratios of the counted numbers of marked packet data for the various traffic classes and the total number of received marked packet data during the observation period. 